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De Facto Partner Visa Australia – The Definitive Guide by Nilesh Nandan

immigration lawyer

Introduction: Why This Guide Exists

After decades of helping thousands of couples apply for partner visas — across every relationship type, background, and visa complication — I’ve learned one hard truth: most people don’t fully understand what they’re walking into. And that’s not their fault. The process is complex, the stakes are high, and the rules aren’t always clear. But getting it wrong can cost more than just time and money. It can cost your future together.

This guide is for couples who are trying to stay together in Australia through the de facto partner visa process. Whether you’re same-sex or opposite-sex, married or unmarried, living together or long distance — this is your roadmap. It’s written in plain English and built on more than 25 years of experience advising on real cases, in real-life situations.

We’ll cover the key questions you probably already have — and more importantly, I’ll answer the ones you didn’t even know to ask.

I want this to be the most accurate, up-to-date, and useful guide available. So if you come across anything in this article that needs clarification or updating, please reach out. It won’t just help me — it will help our whole community of applicants, lawyers, agents and partners working toward better immigration outcomes.

Because when we get the information right, we give people their future back.

 

Section 1: Understanding the Partner Visa Framework

The Australian partner visa program is designed to keep couples together where one person is an Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen, and the other is not.

There are two main processing pathways:

A. Onshore Partner Visa – Subclass 820/801

This is for couples who are both in Australia.

  • You apply while you’re in Australia
  • You usually get a Bridging Visa while your application is processed
  • After two years, you may be eligible for permanent residency via subclass 801

 

B. Offshore Partner Visa – Subclass 309/100

This is for couples applying from outside Australia.

  • The applicant must be outside Australia at the time of application
  • They receive subclass 309 (temporary) first
  • After two years, you may be eligible for permanent residency via subclass 100 (permanent)

Both streams involve a two-stage process, and both require a significant amount of evidence, time, and patience.

 

Section 2: What “De Facto” Really Means in Australian Migration Law

The word “de facto” gets thrown around a lot, but in immigration law, it has a specific meaning — and simply living together isn’t enough.

You’re in a de facto relationship if:

  • You are not married to each other
  • You are not related by family
  • You live together (or have lived together) on a genuine domestic basis
  • You are in a mutual commitment to a shared life, to the exclusion of all others

Many couples assume sharing a house equals de facto. Not necessarily. If you’re just flatmates, or there’s no financial or emotional interdependence, you won’t qualify.

On the other hand, some couples who don’t live together full-time — due to FIFO work, military service, or other reasons — may still meet the definition if they can show a shared life in other ways.

The relationship must also be genuine and continuing at the time of application. This is critical. If you’re separated at the time of lodgement, or if the relationship isn’t real (on paper or in life), your application is likely to fail — and no amount of appeal strategy can undo that.

 

Section 3: The 12-Month Rule and Relationship Registration Workaround

To apply as a de facto partner, you usually need to show that:

  • You’ve lived together for at least 12 months, and
  • That cohabitation occurred immediately before lodging your application.

But there’s a workaround — and it’s a very strategic one.

If you register your relationship with an Australian state or territory that has a formal relationship register, you can skip the 12-month cohabitation requirement.

This is especially useful for:

  • Long-distance couples
  • Couples who’ve only recently moved in together
  • Couples whose living situation makes cohabitation impractical

 

Section 4: Where Can You Register Your Relationship?

Here’s how the states and territories stack up:

✅ Relationship Registration Available:

  • New South Wales
  • Victoria
  • Queensland
  • South Australia
  • Tasmania
  • Australian Capital Territory

These states allow both same-sex and opposite-sex couples to register a relationship, even if they haven’t lived together for a full 12 months.

Registration usually takes 28 days (after a cooling-off period) and requires proof of identity and residence in that state.

 

❌ Registration Not Available:

  • Western Australia
  • Northern Territory

If you live in WA or NT and don’t have 12 months of cohabitation, you may be forced to wait — or move interstate temporarily.

 

Section 5: Same-Sex Couples and the Impact of Marriage

Since December 2017, same-sex marriage has been legal in Australia. That means same-sex couples who are married enjoy the same rights as opposite-sex couples when applying for a partner visa.

If you are married, you do not need to prove 12 months of cohabitation. The marriage itself satisfies the relationship requirement — but only if it’s recognised under Australian law.

If you were married overseas, and the country where you married also recognises same-sex marriage, then your marriage is likely to be recognised here.

However, you still need to prove that your relationship is genuine and continuing — marriage is not a shortcut. The Department will still assess the financial, social, household, and commitment aspects of your relationship.

 

Section 6: Can You Apply Onshore?

Yes — but only if your current visa doesn’t have restrictions.

The onshore partner visa (820/801) is available only if:

  • You are physically in Australia
  • You hold a visa that allows you to make a further application
  • Your visa does not have Condition 8503 – No Further Stay

Many visitors arrive on a subclass 600 tourist visa. Some of those visas come with 8503, which prevents you from lodging another substantive visa while in Australia.

If that’s you, your options are limited:

  • You can apply for a waiver of 8503 — but it’s not guaranteed
  • Or you’ll have to leave Australia and apply from offshore (309/100)

 

Section 7: What Happens After Lodging Onshore?

Once you lodge a valid onshore application:

  • You’ll receive a Bridging Visa A (BVA)
  • That visa activates when your current visa expires
  • You’ll be able to stay lawfully in Australia
  • You’ll usually be granted full work rights
  • You’ll be eligible for Medicare

A key point: work rights only start when the bridging visa becomes active — not while you’re still on a visitor visa. If your visitor visa lasts three months, you may have to wait that long before you can work.

If you need to travel overseas while waiting for your application to be processed, you must apply for a Bridging Visa B (BVB) before leaving — or you risk not being able to return.

 

Section 8: What the Department Wants to See — And What They Don’t

The Department of Home Affairs doesn’t care about how much you love each other. It cares about how well you can prove you live like a couple.

Your application will be assessed across four broad categories:

1. Financial Aspects

You need to show financial interdependence. This might include:

  • A joint bank account that you both actually use
  • Shared rent or mortgage payments
  • Joint bills
  • Car loans, insurance, or other liabilities in both names

A “sleeping” joint account with no real activity won’t help. They want to see real financial blending.

2. Household Aspects

The question here is: are you living together as a couple or just sharing a space?

  • Mail going to the same address
  • Joint household responsibilities (cleaning, cooking, planning)
  • Lease agreements, tenancy contracts

Declarations from others (via Form 888) are useful, but your own statements — well-written and detailed — often make or break the application.

3. Social Aspects

Do your friends and family know you’re together?

  • Photos at social events
  • Wedding invites (as a couple)
  • Holidays or trips
  • Statements from people close to you

Be careful with social media — too much can look performative, too little can raise eyebrows. Be real.

4. Nature of the Commitment

This is the most subjective part, but the most powerful when done well.

  • Your plans for the future
  • How you support each other emotionally and practically
  • Whether you’re listed as beneficiaries on insurance or wills

 

Section 9: My Embedded Evidence Checklist

Here’s what I recommend you gather:

– Joint bank statements with active use
– Shared lease or mortgage documents
– Utility bills and shared service contracts
– Screenshots of meaningful messages or call logs (especially early in the relationship)
– Social media screenshots (if relevant, not spammed)
– Photos — mix of everyday life and special events
– Travel history — flight tickets, hotel bookings, itineraries
– Statutory declarations from both partners
– At least two Form 888s from friends or family
– A relationship certificate (if registered)
– Future plans — housing, children, financial goals

Don’t overwhelm the case officer. Choose quality over quantity. Curate your evidence like a story — beginning, middle, and continuing.

 

Section 10: What If You Separate?

If your relationship ends before your partner visa is granted — whether temporary or permanent — your application is likely to be refused.

If you’ve already been granted a temporary partner visa, you may still be eligible for a permanent visa in certain situations:

  • You and your partner have children together
  • You’ve experienced family violence during the relationship

These are serious cases that require detailed legal support. You must act quickly and carefully.

 

Section 11: What If Your Application Is Refused?

You will usually have access to merits review through the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART).

Key facts:

  • The ART fee is currently around $3,496
  • You must lodge the appeal within a strict deadline
  • A successful appeal will set aside the refusal and send it back to the Department

But — and this is critical — no appeal will fix a defective application lodged with the wrong relationship status.

This brings me to one of the most important principles in Australian migration law:

 

Section 12: The Time Machine Rule (And Why It Matters)

If you’re not in a genuine relationship at the time of application, no amount of time that passes later can save you.

Let me say that again: you can’t backdate a relationship.

You cannot become a de facto couple after applying and hope to patch it up during review. The Tribunal will assess whether you met the legal requirements on the day you lodged the visa. If you didn’t — the case is over.

I call this the Time Machine Rule, because I’ve seen so many people wish they could go back and “fix” the facts. But there is no Time Machine. The law is locked to the moment of application.

Even the best immigration lawyer in the world can’t overcome a fatal defect like that.

 

Section 13: Prospective Marriage Visa vs Partner Visa

Let’s clear this up.

The Prospective Marriage Visa (subclass 300) is for people who are:

  • Engaged to be married
  • Not yet living in a de facto relationship
  • Intend to marry within 9 months of arriving in Australia

This visa is not a workaround for people who don’t qualify for a partner visa.

If the Department assesses that you’re already living together as a de facto couple, they’ll expect you to apply under the 309/100 or 820/801 pathways. Applying for a PMV in that case can backfire.

I’ve seen couples tripped up by this — thinking they can delay the heavy evidence by applying for a PMV, when really, they’re already de facto in the eyes of immigration law.

 

Section 14: Application Fees and Strategic Costs

The Department of Home Affairs charges $9,095 to lodge most partner visa applications. This is payable in full at the time of application.

That fee doesn’t include:

  • Medical examinations
  • National Police Checks
  • Certified translations
  • Legal advice
  • Additional child dependants

It’s one of the most expensive visas in the system — which is why strategy matters so much. A poorly prepared application costs just as much as a perfect one… until it gets refused.

 

Section 15: Permanent Residency and the 5-Year Travel Trap

Getting your permanent partner visa — subclass 801 or 100 — is a major milestone. But don’t let the word “permanent” fool you.

Your permanent visa comes with a five-year travel facility.

That means you can leave and return to Australia freely for five years from the date your PR is granted. But after that five years?

You must apply for a Resident Return Visa (RRV) to travel again.

If you’re overseas when your travel rights expire, you won’t be able to return unless your RRV is granted while you’re still overseas. This has stranded many permanent residents who assumed they could come and go as they pleased.

Plan for this:

  • Track your permanent visa grant date
  • Set a reminder before five years is up
  • If you haven’t applied for citizenship, apply for an RRV before travelling

 

Section 16: Final Thoughts — Why People Trust Me

This process is personal. It’s not just about law or documents — it’s about lives, families, futures.

I’ve been helping couples with partner visas since the 1990s. I’ve seen every version of this system, and I know what works and what doesn’t.

What makes my process different? I tell you the truth. I flag the risks. I help you structure your evidence. And I care deeply about your outcome — because I’ve walked beside people just like you through every step of this journey.

 

Section 17: Ready to Apply?

If you’ve made it this far, you’re serious — and I’d love to help.

You can:

I’ll review your case. I’ll build your strongest possible application. And I’ll do it properly — because your relationship deserves nothing less.

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Nilesh Nandan

Nilesh Nandan is Australia's most sought after immigration lawyer for visa refusals and visa cancellations. Appeal your visa or get help to relodge your Australian visa application or citizenship application.

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523 Responses

  1. Nilesh,

    This is great thank you. My question is – If I am on a 820 Visa and I wan’t travel back to my home country because I have a health related concern and need medical attention over a period of time in my home country – lets say 3 to 6 months will this effect my 820 visa that i am currently holding ?

    1. Michelle

      *In the interest of speed, my communications are transcribed and transmitted using voice-to-text software – please ignore any unintended typographical or interpretation errors. Please also see the standard Notes and Disclosures which apply to my communications. These are located at the footer of my work emails.

      The fact that you have a health condition will certainly affect the ultimate decision at the time the permanent residence Visa 801 is assessed. Health is a criterion that needs to be met at the time of decision not at the time of application even though you have likely provided health examination results already.

      The fact of travel alone is not problematic at all and if you need to exit as the holder of an 820 I see no difficulty with this whatsoever.

      Remember that you should never provide false or misleading information in relation to your circumstances and if your circumstances change, these should be disclosed to the decisionmaker. Remember also that the partner visa is one of the visas to which a health waiver is potentially applicable. I would take a moment to get some specific advice about your own particular circumstances so that you can travel with greater confidence.

      Use this link to book your consultation with me: https://myvisa.com.au/consultation/

      ​Regards​

      Nilesh Nandan
      BBus(Accy) LLB(QUT) MBA(IntBus)
      Immigration Lawyer | Special Counsel
      MyVisa® Immigration Law Advisory
      myvisa.com.au/about/
      1300558472

      Hope this helps. Please help me answer more questions like these by leaving an honest review here: https://g.page/r/CfBw8UcKreaaEAg/review

  2. Hi Nilesh! I’m Australian and my partner is Argentinian — we plan to apply for a partnership visa when eligible (we’ve already registered the relationship). As the Australian sponsor, will I be able to leave Australia for work and travel purposes? And if so, is there a limited duration of time that you can be out of the country while waiting for visa to be granted? Thank you!

    1. 1. No

      2. No

      *In the interest of speed, my communications are transcribed and transmitted using voice-to-text software – please ignore any unintended typographical or interpretation errors. Please also see the standard Notes and Disclosures which apply to my communications. These are located at the footer of my work emails.

      If you have already registered your relationship and it is in a state or territory where the relationship registration is satisfactory for migration purposes when applying for a partner Visa then I’m curious as to why you have not yet lodged a partner Visa.

      Rest assured that it is quite reasonable and often necessary for couples to exit Australia for work and other valid reasons. The important issue is that the relationship is genuine and continuing at the time of application in the case of a registered relationship, registered in a way that is suitable for migration purposes and also that the relationship is genuine and continuing at the time of decision. It is currently taking 20 months give or take seven months for a decision to be made in relation to any onshore application for a partner Visa.

      Did you benefit from this response? Feel free to buy me a coffee if this was useful. It helps me answer more questions like yours!

      ​Regards​

      Nilesh Nandan
      BBus(Accy) LLB(QUT) MBA(IntBus)
      Immigration Lawyer | Special Counsel
      MyVisa® Immigration Law Advisory
      myvisa.com.au/about/
      1300558472

  3. Hi!
    Just a quick question! I have a relationship with a Russian female and she lives in Russia. We meet in Turkey 4 months ago while I was visiting Istambul and now we planning to meet again. We are talking every day on the phone and through texting. I cannot visit her in Russia because the situation in Ukraine. I’m thinking really seriously to bring her in Australia. What are my chances and what I have to do? Thank you!

    1. Paul

      *In the interest of speed, my communications are transcribed and transmitted using voice-to-text software – please ignore any unintended typographical or interpretation errors. Please also see the standard Notes and Disclosures which apply to my communications. These are located at the footer of my work emails.

      Bringing her here on a visitor Visa can be problematic because she might be assessed as not being a genuine temporary entrant.

      You would need to consider options in relation to a prospective marriage visa which is a visa granted with the expectation that she will come to Australia and marry you in Australia within nine months of arrival.

      Another alternative is to lodge an offshore partner visa application. However you need to be in a genuine and continuing relationship at the time of lodging the application and if you are proceeding on the basis of a defacto relationship,it is typical that you will need to show that you are in that relationship for a 12 month period prior to making that application.

      If you are fortunate enough to be able to register your relationship in one of the specified states and territories in Australia then you will be able to circumvent the 12 month requirement that you are in a Defacto relationship for 12 months before lodgement.

      Did you benefit from this response? Feel free to buy me a coffee if this was useful. It helps me answer more questions like yours!

      ​Regards​

      Nilesh Nandan
      BBus(Accy) LLB(QUT) MBA(IntBus)
      Immigration Lawyer | Special Counsel
      MyVisa® Immigration Law Advisory
      myvisa.com.au/about/
      1300558472

  4. Hi Nilesh! Thank you for your very helpful article. I found some good tips! I do have a question reqarding traveling on a bridging visa B. I need to travel back to the Philippines but my husband (sponsor) won’t be able to join me. Would that be a problem for our 820 application? Thanks very much!

    1. Hi June thanks very much for your question.

      I’m assuming you’re not travelling back to the Philippines with a different partner.

      Of course, that would be problematic.

      If it’s the case that your sponsor and Partner is staying in Australia and you’re only living apart temporarily then there is no issue with this.

      Let me know if you have any further questions.

      *In the interest of speed, my communications are transcribed and transmitted using voice-to-text software – please ignore any unintended typographical or interpretation errors. Please also see the standard Notes and Disclosures which apply to my communications. These are located at the footer of my work emails.

      ​Regards​

      Nilesh Nandan
      BBus(Accy) LLB(QUT) MBA(IntBus)
      Immigration Lawyer | Special Counsel
      MyVisa® Immigration Law Advisory
      myvisa.com.au/about/
      1300558472

  5. Hi, thanks for the info,

    We are in a de facto relationship and have been granted PR under the same application. Should we apply for citizenship separately or how do we combine the application?

    thanks

    1. Hi Rob

      *In the interest of speed, my communications are transcribed and transmitted using voice-to-text software – please ignore any unintended typographical or interpretation errors. Please also see the standard Notes and Disclosures which apply to my communications. These are located at the footer of my work emails.

      You cannot combine both the applications when it comes to making applications for citizenship by conferral. You’ll need to make two separate applications and pay two separate fees.

      Did you benefit from this response? Feel free to buy me a coffee if this was useful. It helps me answer more questions like yours!

      ​Regards​

      Nilesh Nandan
      BBus(Accy) LLB(QUT) MBA(IntBus)
      Immigration Lawyer | Special Counsel
      MyVisa® Immigration Law Advisory
      myvisa.com.au/about/
      1300558472

  6. Hi
    How we can count five years gap to apply for 2nd sponsor .
    Suppose some one got partner visa granted in july 2018 and applied for that visa in may 2017. Due to some reasons they got divorced and now want to sponsor new partner .
    How we can count 5 years from 2017 or 2018 ?

    1. Here is a list of apps that you should download onto your smart phone: telegram-gmail-googlecalendar-hubstaff-lastpass-googledrive-googledocs-pocket-austlii-uber-notability I recommend using a chrome (not Safari) browser on your desktop/laptop and get the following chrome extensions: Lastpass-pocket-chargedesk-drive On your laptop/desktop you should download and install Lastpass-telegram-hubstaff I will update this list in coming weeks.

      Naz

      This is a great question which many people struggle with. The period of five years starts from when the first application was lodged which is in 2017 in your case and extends until the new application is granted. As any new partner application will not be granted in 2022 even if it is lodged immediately ( it takes 20 months!) then you do not have a five year problem. So go ahead and lodge now!

  7. Hi
    How we can count five years gap to apply for 2nd sponsor .
    Suppose some one got partner visa granted in july 2020 and applied for that visa in may 2017. Due to some reasons they got divorced and now want to sponsor new partner .
    How we can count 5 years from 2017 or 2018 ?

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