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De Facto Partner Visa Australia – The Definitive Guide by Nilesh Nandan

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Introduction: Why This Guide Exists

After decades of helping thousands of couples apply for partner visas — across every relationship type, background, and visa complication — I’ve learned one hard truth: most people don’t fully understand what they’re walking into. And that’s not their fault. The process is complex, the stakes are high, and the rules aren’t always clear. But getting it wrong can cost more than just time and money. It can cost your future together.

This guide is for couples who are trying to stay together in Australia through the de facto partner visa process. Whether you’re same-sex or opposite-sex, married or unmarried, living together or long distance — this is your roadmap. It’s written in plain English and built on more than 25 years of experience advising on real cases, in real-life situations.

We’ll cover the key questions you probably already have — and more importantly, I’ll answer the ones you didn’t even know to ask.

I want this to be the most accurate, up-to-date, and useful guide available. So if you come across anything in this article that needs clarification or updating, please reach out. It won’t just help me — it will help our whole community of applicants, lawyers, agents and partners working toward better immigration outcomes.

Because when we get the information right, we give people their future back.

 

Section 1: Understanding the Partner Visa Framework

The Australian partner visa program is designed to keep couples together where one person is an Australian citizen, permanent resident, or eligible New Zealand citizen, and the other is not.

There are two main processing pathways:

A. Onshore Partner Visa – Subclass 820/801

This is for couples who are both in Australia.

  • You apply while you’re in Australia
  • You usually get a Bridging Visa while your application is processed
  • After two years, you may be eligible for permanent residency via subclass 801

 

B. Offshore Partner Visa – Subclass 309/100

This is for couples applying from outside Australia.

  • The applicant must be outside Australia at the time of application
  • They receive subclass 309 (temporary) first
  • After two years, you may be eligible for permanent residency via subclass 100 (permanent)

Both streams involve a two-stage process, and both require a significant amount of evidence, time, and patience.

 

Section 2: What “De Facto” Really Means in Australian Migration Law

The word “de facto” gets thrown around a lot, but in immigration law, it has a specific meaning — and simply living together isn’t enough.

You’re in a de facto relationship if:

  • You are not married to each other
  • You are not related by family
  • You live together (or have lived together) on a genuine domestic basis
  • You are in a mutual commitment to a shared life, to the exclusion of all others

Many couples assume sharing a house equals de facto. Not necessarily. If you’re just flatmates, or there’s no financial or emotional interdependence, you won’t qualify.

On the other hand, some couples who don’t live together full-time — due to FIFO work, military service, or other reasons — may still meet the definition if they can show a shared life in other ways.

The relationship must also be genuine and continuing at the time of application. This is critical. If you’re separated at the time of lodgement, or if the relationship isn’t real (on paper or in life), your application is likely to fail — and no amount of appeal strategy can undo that.

 

Section 3: The 12-Month Rule and Relationship Registration Workaround

To apply as a de facto partner, you usually need to show that:

  • You’ve lived together for at least 12 months, and
  • That cohabitation occurred immediately before lodging your application.

But there’s a workaround — and it’s a very strategic one.

If you register your relationship with an Australian state or territory that has a formal relationship register, you can skip the 12-month cohabitation requirement.

This is especially useful for:

  • Long-distance couples
  • Couples who’ve only recently moved in together
  • Couples whose living situation makes cohabitation impractical

 

Section 4: Where Can You Register Your Relationship?

Here’s how the states and territories stack up:

✅ Relationship Registration Available:

  • New South Wales
  • Victoria
  • Queensland
  • South Australia
  • Tasmania
  • Australian Capital Territory

These states allow both same-sex and opposite-sex couples to register a relationship, even if they haven’t lived together for a full 12 months.

Registration usually takes 28 days (after a cooling-off period) and requires proof of identity and residence in that state.

 

❌ Registration Not Available:

  • Western Australia
  • Northern Territory

If you live in WA or NT and don’t have 12 months of cohabitation, you may be forced to wait — or move interstate temporarily.

 

Section 5: Same-Sex Couples and the Impact of Marriage

Since December 2017, same-sex marriage has been legal in Australia. That means same-sex couples who are married enjoy the same rights as opposite-sex couples when applying for a partner visa.

If you are married, you do not need to prove 12 months of cohabitation. The marriage itself satisfies the relationship requirement — but only if it’s recognised under Australian law.

If you were married overseas, and the country where you married also recognises same-sex marriage, then your marriage is likely to be recognised here.

However, you still need to prove that your relationship is genuine and continuing — marriage is not a shortcut. The Department will still assess the financial, social, household, and commitment aspects of your relationship.

 

Section 6: Can You Apply Onshore?

Yes — but only if your current visa doesn’t have restrictions.

The onshore partner visa (820/801) is available only if:

  • You are physically in Australia
  • You hold a visa that allows you to make a further application
  • Your visa does not have Condition 8503 – No Further Stay

Many visitors arrive on a subclass 600 tourist visa. Some of those visas come with 8503, which prevents you from lodging another substantive visa while in Australia.

If that’s you, your options are limited:

  • You can apply for a waiver of 8503 — but it’s not guaranteed
  • Or you’ll have to leave Australia and apply from offshore (309/100)

 

Section 7: What Happens After Lodging Onshore?

Once you lodge a valid onshore application:

  • You’ll receive a Bridging Visa A (BVA)
  • That visa activates when your current visa expires
  • You’ll be able to stay lawfully in Australia
  • You’ll usually be granted full work rights
  • You’ll be eligible for Medicare

A key point: work rights only start when the bridging visa becomes active — not while you’re still on a visitor visa. If your visitor visa lasts three months, you may have to wait that long before you can work.

If you need to travel overseas while waiting for your application to be processed, you must apply for a Bridging Visa B (BVB) before leaving — or you risk not being able to return.

 

Section 8: What the Department Wants to See — And What They Don’t

The Department of Home Affairs doesn’t care about how much you love each other. It cares about how well you can prove you live like a couple.

Your application will be assessed across four broad categories:

1. Financial Aspects

You need to show financial interdependence. This might include:

  • A joint bank account that you both actually use
  • Shared rent or mortgage payments
  • Joint bills
  • Car loans, insurance, or other liabilities in both names

A “sleeping” joint account with no real activity won’t help. They want to see real financial blending.

2. Household Aspects

The question here is: are you living together as a couple or just sharing a space?

  • Mail going to the same address
  • Joint household responsibilities (cleaning, cooking, planning)
  • Lease agreements, tenancy contracts

Declarations from others (via Form 888) are useful, but your own statements — well-written and detailed — often make or break the application.

3. Social Aspects

Do your friends and family know you’re together?

  • Photos at social events
  • Wedding invites (as a couple)
  • Holidays or trips
  • Statements from people close to you

Be careful with social media — too much can look performative, too little can raise eyebrows. Be real.

4. Nature of the Commitment

This is the most subjective part, but the most powerful when done well.

  • Your plans for the future
  • How you support each other emotionally and practically
  • Whether you’re listed as beneficiaries on insurance or wills

 

Section 9: My Embedded Evidence Checklist

Here’s what I recommend you gather:

– Joint bank statements with active use
– Shared lease or mortgage documents
– Utility bills and shared service contracts
– Screenshots of meaningful messages or call logs (especially early in the relationship)
– Social media screenshots (if relevant, not spammed)
– Photos — mix of everyday life and special events
– Travel history — flight tickets, hotel bookings, itineraries
– Statutory declarations from both partners
– At least two Form 888s from friends or family
– A relationship certificate (if registered)
– Future plans — housing, children, financial goals

Don’t overwhelm the case officer. Choose quality over quantity. Curate your evidence like a story — beginning, middle, and continuing.

 

Section 10: What If You Separate?

If your relationship ends before your partner visa is granted — whether temporary or permanent — your application is likely to be refused.

If you’ve already been granted a temporary partner visa, you may still be eligible for a permanent visa in certain situations:

  • You and your partner have children together
  • You’ve experienced family violence during the relationship

These are serious cases that require detailed legal support. You must act quickly and carefully.

 

Section 11: What If Your Application Is Refused?

You will usually have access to merits review through the Administrative Review Tribunal (ART).

Key facts:

  • The ART fee is currently around $3,496
  • You must lodge the appeal within a strict deadline
  • A successful appeal will set aside the refusal and send it back to the Department

But — and this is critical — no appeal will fix a defective application lodged with the wrong relationship status.

This brings me to one of the most important principles in Australian migration law:

 

Section 12: The Time Machine Rule (And Why It Matters)

If you’re not in a genuine relationship at the time of application, no amount of time that passes later can save you.

Let me say that again: you can’t backdate a relationship.

You cannot become a de facto couple after applying and hope to patch it up during review. The Tribunal will assess whether you met the legal requirements on the day you lodged the visa. If you didn’t — the case is over.

I call this the Time Machine Rule, because I’ve seen so many people wish they could go back and “fix” the facts. But there is no Time Machine. The law is locked to the moment of application.

Even the best immigration lawyer in the world can’t overcome a fatal defect like that.

 

Section 13: Prospective Marriage Visa vs Partner Visa

Let’s clear this up.

The Prospective Marriage Visa (subclass 300) is for people who are:

  • Engaged to be married
  • Not yet living in a de facto relationship
  • Intend to marry within 9 months of arriving in Australia

This visa is not a workaround for people who don’t qualify for a partner visa.

If the Department assesses that you’re already living together as a de facto couple, they’ll expect you to apply under the 309/100 or 820/801 pathways. Applying for a PMV in that case can backfire.

I’ve seen couples tripped up by this — thinking they can delay the heavy evidence by applying for a PMV, when really, they’re already de facto in the eyes of immigration law.

 

Section 14: Application Fees and Strategic Costs

The Department of Home Affairs charges $9,095 to lodge most partner visa applications. This is payable in full at the time of application.

That fee doesn’t include:

  • Medical examinations
  • National Police Checks
  • Certified translations
  • Legal advice
  • Additional child dependants

It’s one of the most expensive visas in the system — which is why strategy matters so much. A poorly prepared application costs just as much as a perfect one… until it gets refused.

 

Section 15: Permanent Residency and the 5-Year Travel Trap

Getting your permanent partner visa — subclass 801 or 100 — is a major milestone. But don’t let the word “permanent” fool you.

Your permanent visa comes with a five-year travel facility.

That means you can leave and return to Australia freely for five years from the date your PR is granted. But after that five years?

You must apply for a Resident Return Visa (RRV) to travel again.

If you’re overseas when your travel rights expire, you won’t be able to return unless your RRV is granted while you’re still overseas. This has stranded many permanent residents who assumed they could come and go as they pleased.

Plan for this:

  • Track your permanent visa grant date
  • Set a reminder before five years is up
  • If you haven’t applied for citizenship, apply for an RRV before travelling

 

Section 16: Final Thoughts — Why People Trust Me

This process is personal. It’s not just about law or documents — it’s about lives, families, futures.

I’ve been helping couples with partner visas since the 1990s. I’ve seen every version of this system, and I know what works and what doesn’t.

What makes my process different? I tell you the truth. I flag the risks. I help you structure your evidence. And I care deeply about your outcome — because I’ve walked beside people just like you through every step of this journey.

 

Section 17: Ready to Apply?

If you’ve made it this far, you’re serious — and I’d love to help.

You can:

I’ll review your case. I’ll build your strongest possible application. And I’ll do it properly — because your relationship deserves nothing less.

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Nilesh Nandan

Nilesh Nandan is Australia's most sought after immigration lawyer for visa refusals and visa cancellations. Appeal your visa or get help to relodge your Australian visa application or citizenship application.

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523 Responses

  1. Hi Nilesh,
    Currently I’m under a student Visa (subclass 500) and searching a way to get my boyfriend to Australia till I complete my studies. We have a genuine ongoing relationship for three consecutive years but not married. He currently studies a diploma in Sri Lanka under William Anglais institute. He was planning to apply as a student as well. Is there any possibility that he can apply for this De Facto Visa category instead of Student Visa?

    Thank you.
    Himashi De Silva

  2. We have recently just got engaged And moved to Australia, Specifically, WA. Port Hedland What I wanted to inquire was That we were Wishing to get married in Australia And wanted to know exactly what all Things are there that we have to be Up to date with before getting married in Australia. Because we cannot apply for a spouse visa Without a marriage certificate. And since we have got engaged in India And haven’t got the marriage registered in India, What will be the procedure to get the marriage registered in Australia and thereafter apply for a spouse visa? What are all the requirements that are need to be met with And What are the Problems that we have to face?
    Also my fiance, Is a permanent resident Of Western Australia in Port Hedland.

  3. Hi there, my partner and I are living in NZ, my partner is an NZ citizen. We’d like to travel to AU for 3weeks in the next 2month, also, we may like to move to AU next year sometime. So, just wondering can I apply for a 600 visitor visa and a 461visa at the same time offshore? Cuz heard that 461 gonna take ages to grant, is it will affect anything if I apply two at the same time?
    Cheers

    1. Hi Shirley

      You can apply for as many applications as your heart desires if you’re overseas, providing of course that they are not inconsistent with one another.

      There is no relevant inconsistency between a Tourist Visa (history visa) subclass 600 and a New Zealand citizen Family relationship temporary visa subclass 461.

      So go for it!

      Regards
      Nilesh Nandan
      Immigration Lawyer
      MyVisa.com.au/about

      I rely on honest reviews. Could you please review this service?

      Here is the link Shirley:

      https://search.google.com/local/writereview?placeid=ChIJkeLlu9W6MioRuQhOfXO6z4c&source=g.page.m.rc

  4. Hi Nilesh,

    This is absolutely wonderful information!! Thank you so much for these details. I was wondering if you could help with my situation.

    My partner is from the UK and I’m Australian. We are currently living together in Australia and have been for the past 6 months. We’ve been together for 8 months and registered the relationship in NSW 2 months ago. His current visa runs out in January 2023 but we are hoping to move to Canada in October of this year cancelling that out.
    We intend on applying for the 309 so we can travel while it is being approved.
    Do you think this is the best option and when should we apply?
    Thank you 🙏🏼

    1. Hi Leanne

      Thank you for your wonderful comments! Please take a moment to provide feedback here:

      https://g.page/r/CfBw8UcKreaaEAg/review

      I do think the 309 is NOT necessarily the best option.

      I would prefer an onshore application whenever that is possible.

      After making a valid onshore 820 application I would then think about the best time for making an application for a Bridging Visa “B” Class (Subclass 020). It is quite common these days to get a Bridging Visa “B” Class (Subclass 020) granted for 12 months. Of course, the other advantage is to allow you to make the application now which means that you’ll get your permanent residence visa grant or at least your provisional visa, granted sooner.

      So in answer to your second question I see no reason why you should not take steps to apply now under what I consider to be more favourable rules for Partner visas.

      I expect these rules to change at any time making the partner visa process a two-step process with sponsorship done first followed by a Visa application conditional on a prior sponsorship approval. This potential change has significant disadvantages, of which delay is one.

      I hope this helps.

      *In the interest of speed, my communications are transcribed and transmitted using voice-to-text software – please ignore any unintended typographical or interpretation errors. Please also see the standard Notes and Disclosures which apply to my communications. These are located at the footer of my work emails.

      ​Regards​

      Nilesh Nandan
      BBus(Accy) LLB(QUT) MBA(IntBus)
      Immigration Lawyer | Special Counsel
      MyVisa® Immigration Law Advisory

  5. Hi Nilesh!
    I’ve been on WHV and Student and now planning to do partner’s visa. I realised on my previous visa I might have wrote my family’s name wrong from her passport because of confusion of how she use her name when were living at both my parent’s countries. Can I still fix that? or will my visa be likely rejected?

    1. I’m not really sure if I understand your question but can I assume that your own name was spelt correctly but that your own parents’ names might have been written into the form incorrectly when compared with their own passports.

      I’m assuming also that there was no purposeful deception.

      In the circumstances you do need to clear the muddied waters ASAP, but the good news is I do not think that this will in anyway negatively impact on your partner visa prospects for success.

      You can book in here: https://myvisa.com.au/10-minute-chat/

      Regards
      Nilesh Nandan
      Immigration Lawyer
      MyVisa.com.au/about

      Hayden, I rely on honest reviews. Could you please review this service?

      https://search.google.com/local/writereview?placeid=ChIJkeLlu9W6MioRuQhOfXO6z4c&source=g.page.m.rc

  6. Hello,

    I wasn’t able to send you a private comment. I’m not sure why. My question is: would it be the right course of action to visit Australia on a tourist visa 651, and while I’m there, apply for a partner visa? My partner is Australian (and lives in Australia) and I live in The Netherlands. We have been in a relationship since January 2021.
    I look forward to your answer.

    Thank you,
    Stephanie

    1. What you propose is done very often and provided you are in fact a genuine visitor upon entering into Australia I see no difficulty in you being able to make the further application inside Australia as you have indicated in your message to me.

      You can book in here: https://myvisa.com.au/10-minute-chat/

      *In the interest of a speedy response I often use voice-to-text software. Please ignore any typographical or format errors. Call if unclear.

      Regards
      Nilesh Nandan
      Immigration Lawyer
      MyVisa.com.au/about

      Steph, I rely on honest reviews. Could you please review this service?

      https://search.google.com/local/writereview?placeid=ChIJkeLlu9W6MioRuQhOfXO6z4c&source=g.page.m.rc

  7. Hi Nilesh,

    Firstly, thank you for the above! It was greatly beneficial (& an enjoyable read)!

    My partner is a dual holder of citizenship in Ireland & Australia, we have been in a relationship for 3+ years & plan to move to NSW together from Ireland in July. I have successfully been granted a Working Holiday Visa (417) for which at this point I tend to travel to Australia on.

    I am wondering whether it is best to apply for the partner visa offshore prior to traveling to NSW or wait upon my arrival?

    I have been unable to locate online details regarding any impacts caused from applying for a partner visa with my partner on my current visa & ability to enter Australia in July!

    1. Definitely apply after arrival in Australia.

      You can book in here: https://myvisa.com.au/10-minute-chat/

      Regards
      Nilesh Nandan
      Immigration Lawyer
      MyVisa.com.au/about

      *In the interest of a speedy response I often use voice-to-text software. Please ignore any typographical or format errors. Call if unclear.

      Kevin, I rely on honest reviews. Could you please review this service?

      https://search.google.com/local/writereview?placeid=ChIJkeLlu9W6MioRuQhOfXO6z4c&source=g.page.m.rc

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